Aprendizado
Education in Uruguay
From Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia .
Education in Uruguay
responsible
National resources for education
literacy
96.8 %
Education index
0955 ( 30th in the world )
PISA
reading
mathematics
science
diplomas
• Secondary Education
• Higher Education
Pupil Teacher Ratio x ( )
• Primary Education
• Secondary Education
Education in Uruguay is compulsory for a total of nine years, starting in primary school and is free from pre - school to higher education.
History of Uruguay
Uruguay was the first country in the Americas to have a universal , free and compulsory primary education , under the influence of President José Pedro Varela (1875 - 1876) , who persuaded the government to make the law of common education , 1877. The model adopted for the public school was based on the French system , and thus was established a centralized system covering the whole country . A rigid separation was then created three branches of education : primary , secondary and tertiary . The National Institute of Technical Educación ( INET ) has become an extension of high school. In the late 1950s , the three branches of the educational system established an administrative autonomy , including full control over their resources . The Organic Law of the University from 1958 ensured that the group would govern the University of the Republic would be elected by the faculty members and students .
At the end of the 1960 secondary schools and the various courses of the University of the Republic have become extremely politicized . After 1973 , the authorities promoeteram for an end to this situation , and political cleansing the system spread throughout the country . Some teachers were able to get jobs in private schools , but others either left the profession or emigrated . Entire branches of the university, such as the Institute of Social Sciences , were closed for a while . The academic standard has undergone throughout the country as the best teachers were fired and replaced by people with mediocre qualifications .
Educational reform under the military regime of 1973-85
In 1973 , the year in which Uruguay went through authoritarianism , major changes were made in the educational system . The Consejo Nacional de Educación ( CONAE ) was created to oversee all three branches of education under the supervision of an executive branch of government . At the same time the length of training required has been increased from six to nine. The curriculum of secondary education was completely reorganized , as the standard of teacher training . And the INET had an improvement in their status and amount received . However , total spending on education fell from 12.2% of GDP in 1974 to 7.3% in 1982 .
The rate of enrollment ( public and private ) primary education fell $ 6 between 1968 and 1981 . From 1968 to 1982 , this index increased by 6 %, although half of the students of secondary schools in Montevideo ( 70 % of schools and inland) abandoned the course before receiving the certificate . In the same period , there was a burst in technical schools , enrollment increased 66 % inside and 27 % in Montevideo . The biggest reason for this increase was the new basic cycle , which added three years of compulsory secondary education at six years of compulsory primary education. However , the dropout rate remained at 50 % . Enrollment in the University of the Republic doubled between 1968 and 1982 , but the proportion of students graduating fell 8 % .
In 1984 , suddenly the military government of Uruguay formally granted university status for the Catholic school that was expanding from the previous decade . That ended the monopoly of the University of the Republic , which lasted since its founding in 1949 . A new Catholic University of Uruguay remained extremely small , however, compared to its rival .
educational system
Elementary education
Primary education in Uruguay is free and compulsory , lasting 6 years. The number of primary schools in 1987 was 2,382 , including 240 private schools , there were 16,568 primary school teachers , and 354,177 students , forming a ratio of 20 students for each teacher. In 1970 the proportion was 30 teachers per student . The tuition of both sexes was practically the same .
secondary education
Secondary education lasts for six years , divided into two cycles of three years . The first ciclio is required. The second cycle is geared to preparation for university . In addition to academic education, there are also public schools of technical education. Both systems have similar structures , and there is little provision for transfer between the two . All sectors of society tends to prefer tradicionamente academic secondary education, which have a higher prestige. As a result , the academic secondary education have expanded more rapidly than the technical education in the second half of the twentieth century. In 1987 there were 273 secondary schools , including 118 private schools . However , public schools were much wider and possessed 145.083 million students, 175,710 students in secondary education . Besides these , the 94 technical schools possessed a total of 52,766 students . In 1982 , enrollment of women accounted for 53 % of middle school students and 47% of men . Apparently the women were the majority in the basic cycle , but were overtaken by little by men in the university preparatory cycle.
college education
Faculty of Engineering ( UdelaR )
Uruguay had only one public university , the Universidad de la República ( UdelaR , also called the Universidad de Montevideo ) , founded in 1849 , and only one private university , the Universidad Católica del Uruguay , established in 1984 , and also in Montevideo . Education at the University of the Republic was free , and, in general , open to all who possess a certificate for having completed the two cycles of secondary education . But even with the gratuitous access to higher education tended to be limited by children from upper-middle class because of the need of poor youngsters to help the family income , along with the the high cost of books and other fees , leaving the higher education out of reach for many people. Moreover , the fact that the only public university in Montevideo being severely limited the studies of those who lived within, unless their families were relatively well off financially . In 1988 about 69 % of university students were from Montevideo .
The number of university students continued to grow rapidly , from nearly 22,000 in 1970 to over 61,000 in 1988 . Women were 58 % of students. Most courses have a duration of 4 to 6 years , but the average time spent by university students as well sucessidos was usually higher . As in the rest of Latin America , maintain student status had several advantages such as cheap tickets , and subsidized canteens . That was the only reason for the student population is so large and yet the number of graduate students is so low. In 1986 only 3,645 ( 2,188 women and 1,455 men ) graduated from university, and 16,878 entered that year . Students exhibit a strong preference for disciplines and professions that require prestige as law , social sciences , engineering, medicine , economics and management .
Observers continue to note the discrepancy between university training and employment opportunities , particularly in the fields of prestige. This difference contributes to the significant level of emigration of the fittest professionals .
Coverage and Results
In 1996 , the enrollment rate in the primary school age group targeted was 93 % , with men and women having the same enrollment rate . The rate of primary school enrollment was not available in 2001.1 In secondary education, the enrollment rate of the age group targeted for men is 77 % and women 92%. While in higher education 35 % of young age group are enrolled in the university .
One of the most important achievements of education in the country is the high literacy rate since, according to the estimates for 2003 from The World Factbook , the literacy rate is 98% , the highest in Latin America, followed by Argentina ( 97 1% ) and Cuba (97.0 %). Literacy among women is slightly higher ( 98.4 % of women are salfabetizadas , while 97.6 % of men are in the same situation ) These data are confirmed in Human Development Report 2005 , conducted by the United Nations Development , in which Uruguay Manté its leading position in Latin Amperica balanced literacy with 97.7 % of the population , followed by Argentina ( 97.2 % ) and Cuba ( 96.9 % ) .
references
1. Go to top ↑ " Uruguay " . Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor (2001 ) . Bureau of International Labor Affairs , U.S. Department of Labor ( 2002) . This article Incorporates text from this source , Which is in the public domain .
2 . Go to top ↑ CIA - The World Factbook - Uruguay ( en inglés )
3 . Go to top ↑ Human Development Report 2005
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Aprendizado
Education in Uruguay
Education in Uruguay
From Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia .
Education in Uruguay
responsible
National resources for education
literacy
96.8 %
Education index
0955 ( 30th in the world )
PISA
reading
mathematics
science
diplomas
• Secondary Education
• Higher Education
Pupil Teacher Ratio x ( )
• Primary Education
• Secondary Education
Education in Uruguay is compulsory for a total of nine years, starting in primary school and is free from pre - school to higher education.
History of Uruguay
Uruguay was the first country in the Americas to have a universal , free and compulsory primary education , under the influence of President José Pedro Varela (1875 - 1876) , who persuaded the government to make the law of common education , 1877. The model adopted for the public school was based on the French system , and thus was established a centralized system covering the whole country . A rigid separation was then created three branches of education : primary , secondary and tertiary . The National Institute of Technical Educación ( INET ) has become an extension of high school. In the late 1950s , the three branches of the educational system established an administrative autonomy , including full control over their resources . The Organic Law of the University from 1958 ensured that the group would govern the University of the Republic would be elected by the faculty members and students .
At the end of the 1960 secondary schools and the various courses of the University of the Republic have become extremely politicized . After 1973 , the authorities promoeteram for an end to this situation , and political cleansing the system spread throughout the country . Some teachers were able to get jobs in private schools , but others either left the profession or emigrated . Entire branches of the university, such as the Institute of Social Sciences , were closed for a while . The academic standard has undergone throughout the country as the best teachers were fired and replaced by people with mediocre qualifications .
Educational reform under the military regime of 1973-85
In 1973 , the year in which Uruguay went through authoritarianism , major changes were made in the educational system . The Consejo Nacional de Educación ( CONAE ) was created to oversee all three branches of education under the supervision of an executive branch of government . At the same time the length of training required has been increased from six to nine. The curriculum of secondary education was completely reorganized , as the standard of teacher training . And the INET had an improvement in their status and amount received . However , total spending on education fell from 12.2% of GDP in 1974 to 7.3% in 1982 .
The rate of enrollment ( public and private ) primary education fell $ 6 between 1968 and 1981 . From 1968 to 1982 , this index increased by 6 %, although half of the students of secondary schools in Montevideo ( 70 % of schools and inland) abandoned the course before receiving the certificate . In the same period , there was a burst in technical schools , enrollment increased 66 % inside and 27 % in Montevideo . The biggest reason for this increase was the new basic cycle , which added three years of compulsory secondary education at six years of compulsory primary education. However , the dropout rate remained at 50 % . Enrollment in the University of the Republic doubled between 1968 and 1982 , but the proportion of students graduating fell 8 % .
In 1984 , suddenly the military government of Uruguay formally granted university status for the Catholic school that was expanding from the previous decade . That ended the monopoly of the University of the Republic , which lasted since its founding in 1949 . A new Catholic University of Uruguay remained extremely small , however, compared to its rival .
educational system
Elementary education
Primary education in Uruguay is free and compulsory , lasting 6 years. The number of primary schools in 1987 was 2,382 , including 240 private schools , there were 16,568 primary school teachers , and 354,177 students , forming a ratio of 20 students for each teacher. In 1970 the proportion was 30 teachers per student . The tuition of both sexes was practically the same .
secondary education
Secondary education lasts for six years , divided into two cycles of three years . The first ciclio is required. The second cycle is geared to preparation for university . In addition to academic education, there are also public schools of technical education. Both systems have similar structures , and there is little provision for transfer between the two . All sectors of society tends to prefer tradicionamente academic secondary education, which have a higher prestige. As a result , the academic secondary education have expanded more rapidly than the technical education in the second half of the twentieth century. In 1987 there were 273 secondary schools , including 118 private schools . However , public schools were much wider and possessed 145.083 million students, 175,710 students in secondary education . Besides these , the 94 technical schools possessed a total of 52,766 students . In 1982 , enrollment of women accounted for 53 % of middle school students and 47% of men . Apparently the women were the majority in the basic cycle , but were overtaken by little by men in the university preparatory cycle.
college education
Faculty of Engineering ( UdelaR )
Uruguay had only one public university , the Universidad de la República ( UdelaR , also called the Universidad de Montevideo ) , founded in 1849 , and only one private university , the Universidad Católica del Uruguay , established in 1984 , and also in Montevideo . Education at the University of the Republic was free , and, in general , open to all who possess a certificate for having completed the two cycles of secondary education . But even with the gratuitous access to higher education tended to be limited by children from upper-middle class because of the need of poor youngsters to help the family income , along with the the high cost of books and other fees , leaving the higher education out of reach for many people. Moreover , the fact that the only public university in Montevideo being severely limited the studies of those who lived within, unless their families were relatively well off financially . In 1988 about 69 % of university students were from Montevideo .
The number of university students continued to grow rapidly , from nearly 22,000 in 1970 to over 61,000 in 1988 . Women were 58 % of students. Most courses have a duration of 4 to 6 years , but the average time spent by university students as well sucessidos was usually higher . As in the rest of Latin America , maintain student status had several advantages such as cheap tickets , and subsidized canteens . That was the only reason for the student population is so large and yet the number of graduate students is so low. In 1986 only 3,645 ( 2,188 women and 1,455 men ) graduated from university, and 16,878 entered that year . Students exhibit a strong preference for disciplines and professions that require prestige as law , social sciences , engineering, medicine , economics and management .
Observers continue to note the discrepancy between university training and employment opportunities , particularly in the fields of prestige. This difference contributes to the significant level of emigration of the fittest professionals .
Coverage and Results
In 1996 , the enrollment rate in the primary school age group targeted was 93 % , with men and women having the same enrollment rate . The rate of primary school enrollment was not available in 2001.1 In secondary education, the enrollment rate of the age group targeted for men is 77 % and women 92%. While in higher education 35 % of young age group are enrolled in the university .
One of the most important achievements of education in the country is the high literacy rate since, according to the estimates for 2003 from The World Factbook , the literacy rate is 98% , the highest in Latin America, followed by Argentina ( 97 1% ) and Cuba (97.0 %). Literacy among women is slightly higher ( 98.4 % of women are salfabetizadas , while 97.6 % of men are in the same situation ) These data are confirmed in Human Development Report 2005 , conducted by the United Nations Development , in which Uruguay Manté its leading position in Latin Amperica balanced literacy with 97.7 % of the population , followed by Argentina ( 97.2 % ) and Cuba ( 96.9 % ) .
references
1. Go to top ↑ " Uruguay " . Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor (2001 ) . Bureau of International Labor Affairs , U.S. Department of Labor ( 2002) . This article Incorporates text from this source , Which is in the public domain .
2 . Go to top ↑ CIA - The World Factbook - Uruguay ( en inglés )
3 . Go to top ↑ Human Development Report 2005
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