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Brazil is the world's third worst in inequality
Brazil is the world's third worst in inequalityUN says country has low socioeconomic mobility and second only to Bolivia and Haiti in the gap between rich and poor
Leandro Colon / BRASILIA - The Estado de S. Paulo
Brazil has the third worst rate of inequality in the world and , despite the increase in social spending in the past decade , has a low social and educational mobility between generations . The data are the first report of the United Nations Program for Development ( UNDP ) on Latin America and the Caribbean .
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According to the study , the region is the most unequal in the world . " Income inequality , education, health and other indicators persists from generation to generation , and is presented in a context of low socioeconomic mobility," says the study's UN body concluded this month.
Among the 15 countries with the largest income gap between rich and poor , 10 are in Latin America and the Caribbean . In the region , Brazil draws with Ecuador and Bolivia and is second only to Haiti in relation to the worst income distribution . When other continents are included , Bolivia is joined by Madagascar and Cameroon in the first place , and Haiti has beside him in second place , Thailand and South Africa For UNDP , these countries have " very high " levels .
The report by the UN agency highlights that the greatest difficulty in Latin America is to prevent social inequality persists over new generations .
Poverty . "Inequality reproduces inequality , both for economic reasons and political economy ," says the document snippet . And the numbers are not any good for Brazil . About 58 % of the population maintains the same social status of poverty between two generations , while in Canada and the Nordic countries , for example , this ratio is 19 % .
" Studies in countries with high income levels show that educational mobility and access to higher education were the most important elements to determine the socioeconomic mobility between generations " , says the UN .
Father and son . According to the UN study , the growth is also low education levels between father and son . And this result is influenced by the educational level of the previous generation .
In Brazil , this influence is as high as 55 % , while in the U.S. this percentage is 21 % . Brazil, in this regard , loses to countries like Paraguay, Panama , Uruguay and Jamaica. The UNDP study highlights that access to public goods and services that can help increase educational mobility.
The evolution of social spending is highlighted by the UN body .
Social spending . According to the study , this type of expenditure is around 5 % of Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) in the region . Between 2001 and 2007 , per capita expenditure increased by 30 % , according to the report , with most of it focused on security and social assistance.
"It can be said that the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean made a great effort to improve the incidence of social spending ," says the study's conclusion .
UNDP emphasizes economic growth of some countries in the last ten years , including Brazil , but warned: " Although they are evident advances in human development and poverty reduction in many countries in the region , the aggregate figures mask important inequality. "
The data also show that women and indigenous and Afro-descendant populations are the most affected by social inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean .
In Brazil , for example , only 5.1 % of European descent living on less than $ 1 per day . The percentage rises to 10.6 % compared to Indians and afros . Again , UNDP remember that access to infrastructure , health and education could alter this scenario .
Proposals . The UN study argues that it is possible to break the vicious circle of inequality. To this end , policies are needed to combat poverty strategically "Inequality is an obstacle to the advancement in human development , and its reduction should be incorporated explicitly into the public agenda ," says the document .
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