Aprendizado
Antonio Lassance
Seven lessons we should have learned about the 1964 coup and his dictatorship
Seven lessons about the 1964 coup and his dictatorship
50 years ago , Brazil was captured by the longer , narrow-minded and cruel dictatorship in its history . Half a century is enough to learn something about this time.
50 years ago , Brazil was captured by the longest , cruelest and pettiest dictatorship in its history .
Fifty years is more than enough to learn as much as to forget many things .
You must choose which side we are on these two options.
1st . LESSON : THAT WAS THE WORST OF ALL dictatorships
In the Republican period , Brazil had two dictatorships themselves. Apart from 1964 to 1937 , imposed by Getúlio Vargas and he dubbed the " Estado Novo" .
The Vargas dictatorship lasted eight years ( 1937-1945 ) . The dictatorship that began in 1964 lasted 21 years.
Vargas and his regime did imprison, torture and disappear many, but not on the scale of what has occurred since 1964 .
The torturers of the Estado Novo were cruel . But nothing compares in intensity and sadistic to what you see in the accounts collected by the project " Brazil , never " or, more recently , by the Truth Commission professionalism.
In every aspect, the 1964 dictatorship is unparalleled .
2nd . Lesson : ONLY QUALIFY AS A DICTATORSHIP " MILITARY " sidesteps THE ROLE OF CIVIL
It was the military that gave the blow , which indicated the presidents , who commanded the repressive apparatus and gave orders to hunt and exterminate leftist groups.
But the dictatorship would not have installed it not for the civil support and also foreign aid the Kennedy administration .
The coup had not only tanks and rifles . Had direitosos parties , media outlets aggressive ; entrepreneurs with hatred of unions , farmers against armed peasant leagues , religious anti-communist . All scammers as or more than the military.
No civilians , the military would not go away . The dictatorship was so civil and military . He had his party of Order , his docile press and collaborator , his favorite entrepreneurs , his cardinals to forgive sins .
3rd . LESSON : THERE WAS NO REVOLUTION , REACTION AND YES , BANG AND DICTATORSHIP
Ernesto Geisel ( president 1974-1979 ) told his favorite journalist and confidant , Elio Gaspari in 1981 :
" What happened in 1964 was not a revolution . Revolutions are made by an idea in favor of a doctrine . We simply made a movement to overthrow Goulart . Was a counter-movement , and not by something. Was against subversion against corruption . Firstly , not subversion or corruption end . You can suppress them , but not destroy . was something to remedy , not building something new , and this is not revolution. "
Hardly anyone uses more euphemism " revolution " to refer to the dictatorship , except for a few remnants of the old guard coup , which probably still sleep in boots , and some unsuspecting , as the presidential Aetius Neves, who recently committed the gaffe of calling dictatorship " revolution " ( it was during the 57th Congress of Municipalities State of São Paulo , in April 2013 ) .
Asked later by a newspaper , gave a lecture on the judicious use of concepts : " Dictatorship , revolution , as they wish ."
The dictatorship was a reaction to the government of President João Goulart and his proposal for basic reforms : land reform , and fiscal policy .
4th . LESSON : CORRUPTION IN thrived DICTATORSHIP
Dictatorships are corrupt regimes par excellence . Corruption covered up by authoritarianism , lack of control mechanisms , by which the authorities can all rule.
The dictatorship was lavish in corruption scandals , such as the Capemi , just the box Pecúlio the Military . The great works , pharaonic said , was the paradise of overpricing .
Were also celebrated the Lutfalla case ( involving the former governor Paulo Maluf , moreover , itself a creation of the dictatorship ) and the scandal of Cassava .
5th . LESSON : A DICTATORSHIP IS OVER , BUT STILL HAS A LOT Authoritarian RUBBLE IN THERE
Brazil still has a military police following regulations created by the dictatorship .
The Civil Police of São Paulo , in October 2013 , framed in the National Security Act ( LSN ) two people arrested during protests .
Torture remains a present reality , just remember Amarildo case.
The halls of Congress still show a parade of puppies from dictatorship - representatives and senators who were the old Arena ( National Renewal Alliance , which supported the regime) .
6th . LESSON : It is trivializing DICTATORSHIP TO LIGHT A CANDLE IN YOUR HONOR
There are two ways to trivialize the dictatorship . One is to find she was not there so so hard . The other is called a dictatorship everything you see wrong ahead.
The first case has its worst example in the use of the term " soft dictatorship " in the editorial of the Folha de S. Paulo February 17, 2009 .
For the Folha de S. Paulo , the last Brazilian dictatorship was a gentle ( " soft dictatorship " ) , compared to that of Argentina and Chile .
The Brazilian dictatorship was indeed different from the Chilean and Argentinean , but never was "soft " , as claimed by the newspaper accused of having borrowed cars to Operation Bandeirantes , who hunted militant leftist groups to be imprisoned and tortured .
As said political scientist Maria Victoria Benevides , that this infamy is calling mild a regime that imprisoned, tortured , raped and murdered ?
The other way to trivialize the dictatorship and it is paying homage to recognize the differences between the regime and the current democracy. For some , anything now seems dictatorship.
The proposed anti-terrorism law was considered a relapse of the dictatorial regime of " PT commissioners " and harder than LSN 1969 . Only to be harder than LSN 1969 , the proposal before Congress would provide for life imprisonment and the death penalty .
The Brazilian diplomat who smuggled the Bolivian Senator Roger Pinto Molina Brazil compared to the conditions of the embassy of Brazil in Bolivia to the Detachment Operations Information Operations Center of Homeland Defense ( DOI - CODI ) , the house of torture dictatorship .
To resemble the DOI - CODI , the Brazilian Embassy in La Paz should be planed with the rack , brasses to drowning , chair of the dragon ( kind of electric chair ) , paddle etc. .
Trivialize the dictatorship is like lighting a birthday candle in his honor .
7th . LESSON : ALREADY PASSED THE TIME TO STOP THE OFFICIAL MEMORIAL TRIBUTES BANG
For many years , military commanders gave speeches on March 31 in celebration (that's right ) to the " Revolution " of 1964.
The official teaser in full democracy , took a cala - of-mouth in 2011 , the first year of presidency of Dilma . That same year was also established the Truth Commission .
The reference to March 31 was invented to prevent the commemoration date of the coup was the 1st . April - April Fool's Day .
The justification is that , on the 31st , General Olympio Mourao Filho , commander of the 4th Military Region , Minas Gerais , began moving troops toward the Rio de Janeiro .
If so, the Independence of Brazil should henceforth be celebrated on the 14th of August, which was the date that Prince Pedro mounted his horse to move from Rio de Janeiro to the banks of Ipiranga , in São Paul .
The word scam is named for indicating the deposition of a ruler 's power . On 1 . April , João Goulart , who was in Rio de Janeiro , has even returned to Brasilia . Then went to Rio Grande do Sul , and then went into exile in Uruguay but only in 04.04.1964 . Which president is deposed and travels to the capital a day after the coup ?
The Almanac Leaf is one of many who insist on misinformation :
" 31.mar.64 - The president , João Goulart , overthrown by the military coup ." It is understood . After all , it is the soft dictatorship of staff.
What remains incomprehensible is the book " The Presidents and the Republic " , published by the National Archives under the auspices of the Ministry of Justice , still bring the following sentence :
" On March 31, 1964 , the commander of the 4th Military Region , headquartered in Juiz de Fora , Minas Gerais , began moving troops toward the Rio de Janeiro . Despite some attempts at resistance , President Goulart recognized the impossibility of opposition to the military coup that deposed " .
Again, the old wives tale of March 31.
Even more incomprehensible is the book put the military juntas from 1930 and 1969 in the list of presidents.
The ( wrong ) list is reproduced on the page itself the Presidency as information on the presidents of Brazil .
Neither the members of both seals expected . The governing board , 1930 signed his acts scratching the words " President of the Republic ."
In the case of the joint 1969 book of the National Archives says ( p. 145 ) that the Institutional Act no . 12 (IA -12 ) " gave possession to the military junta " composed of the ministers of the Navy, Army and Air Force . Certain mistake .
The AI- 12 , quote: " Gives Ministers of the Navy , Army and Air Force military functions exercised by the President , Marshal Arthur da Costa e Silva , the duration of your illness ." Officially , the president remained Costa e Silva .
There is another problem . A law of physics, the famous principle of impenetrability of matter , says that says that two bodies can not occupy the same space at the same time - let alone three bodies .
There are like three warlords occupy the same position of president. Republic in the world that has three presidents at the same time?
The members of the Board from 1969 did was perform the duties of the President , or take control of the government. The AI-14/1969 officially declared vacant when the illness of Costa e Silva proved irreversible.
The three military commanders ever imagined that one day would be listed in a separate chapter in the pantheon of presidents . The Board would certainly be satisfied with the honorable and definitely undeserved honor.
What a story , after all, we are counting?
A story that still does not make sense.
A story whose lessons in learning remains .
( * ) Is a political scientist Antonio Lassance
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Aprendizado
Antonio Lassance Seven lessons we should have learned about the 1964 coup and his dictatorship
Antonio Lassance
Seven lessons we should have learned about the 1964 coup and his dictatorship
Seven lessons about the 1964 coup and his dictatorship
50 years ago , Brazil was captured by the longer , narrow-minded and cruel dictatorship in its history . Half a century is enough to learn something about this time.
50 years ago , Brazil was captured by the longest , cruelest and pettiest dictatorship in its history .
Fifty years is more than enough to learn as much as to forget many things .
You must choose which side we are on these two options.
1st . LESSON : THAT WAS THE WORST OF ALL dictatorships
In the Republican period , Brazil had two dictatorships themselves. Apart from 1964 to 1937 , imposed by Getúlio Vargas and he dubbed the " Estado Novo" .
The Vargas dictatorship lasted eight years ( 1937-1945 ) . The dictatorship that began in 1964 lasted 21 years.
Vargas and his regime did imprison, torture and disappear many, but not on the scale of what has occurred since 1964 .
The torturers of the Estado Novo were cruel . But nothing compares in intensity and sadistic to what you see in the accounts collected by the project " Brazil , never " or, more recently , by the Truth Commission professionalism.
In every aspect, the 1964 dictatorship is unparalleled .
2nd . Lesson : ONLY QUALIFY AS A DICTATORSHIP " MILITARY " sidesteps THE ROLE OF CIVIL
It was the military that gave the blow , which indicated the presidents , who commanded the repressive apparatus and gave orders to hunt and exterminate leftist groups.
But the dictatorship would not have installed it not for the civil support and also foreign aid the Kennedy administration .
The coup had not only tanks and rifles . Had direitosos parties , media outlets aggressive ; entrepreneurs with hatred of unions , farmers against armed peasant leagues , religious anti-communist . All scammers as or more than the military.
No civilians , the military would not go away . The dictatorship was so civil and military . He had his party of Order , his docile press and collaborator , his favorite entrepreneurs , his cardinals to forgive sins .
3rd . LESSON : THERE WAS NO REVOLUTION , REACTION AND YES , BANG AND DICTATORSHIP
Ernesto Geisel ( president 1974-1979 ) told his favorite journalist and confidant , Elio Gaspari in 1981 :
" What happened in 1964 was not a revolution . Revolutions are made by an idea in favor of a doctrine . We simply made a movement to overthrow Goulart . Was a counter-movement , and not by something. Was against subversion against corruption . Firstly , not subversion or corruption end . You can suppress them , but not destroy . was something to remedy , not building something new , and this is not revolution. "
Hardly anyone uses more euphemism " revolution " to refer to the dictatorship , except for a few remnants of the old guard coup , which probably still sleep in boots , and some unsuspecting , as the presidential Aetius Neves, who recently committed the gaffe of calling dictatorship " revolution " ( it was during the 57th Congress of Municipalities State of São Paulo , in April 2013 ) .
Asked later by a newspaper , gave a lecture on the judicious use of concepts : " Dictatorship , revolution , as they wish ."
The dictatorship was a reaction to the government of President João Goulart and his proposal for basic reforms : land reform , and fiscal policy .
4th . LESSON : CORRUPTION IN thrived DICTATORSHIP
Dictatorships are corrupt regimes par excellence . Corruption covered up by authoritarianism , lack of control mechanisms , by which the authorities can all rule.
The dictatorship was lavish in corruption scandals , such as the Capemi , just the box Pecúlio the Military . The great works , pharaonic said , was the paradise of overpricing .
Were also celebrated the Lutfalla case ( involving the former governor Paulo Maluf , moreover , itself a creation of the dictatorship ) and the scandal of Cassava .
5th . LESSON : A DICTATORSHIP IS OVER , BUT STILL HAS A LOT Authoritarian RUBBLE IN THERE
Brazil still has a military police following regulations created by the dictatorship .
The Civil Police of São Paulo , in October 2013 , framed in the National Security Act ( LSN ) two people arrested during protests .
Torture remains a present reality , just remember Amarildo case.
The halls of Congress still show a parade of puppies from dictatorship - representatives and senators who were the old Arena ( National Renewal Alliance , which supported the regime) .
6th . LESSON : It is trivializing DICTATORSHIP TO LIGHT A CANDLE IN YOUR HONOR
There are two ways to trivialize the dictatorship . One is to find she was not there so so hard . The other is called a dictatorship everything you see wrong ahead.
The first case has its worst example in the use of the term " soft dictatorship " in the editorial of the Folha de S. Paulo February 17, 2009 .
For the Folha de S. Paulo , the last Brazilian dictatorship was a gentle ( " soft dictatorship " ) , compared to that of Argentina and Chile .
The Brazilian dictatorship was indeed different from the Chilean and Argentinean , but never was "soft " , as claimed by the newspaper accused of having borrowed cars to Operation Bandeirantes , who hunted militant leftist groups to be imprisoned and tortured .
As said political scientist Maria Victoria Benevides , that this infamy is calling mild a regime that imprisoned, tortured , raped and murdered ?
The other way to trivialize the dictatorship and it is paying homage to recognize the differences between the regime and the current democracy. For some , anything now seems dictatorship.
The proposed anti-terrorism law was considered a relapse of the dictatorial regime of " PT commissioners " and harder than LSN 1969 . Only to be harder than LSN 1969 , the proposal before Congress would provide for life imprisonment and the death penalty .
The Brazilian diplomat who smuggled the Bolivian Senator Roger Pinto Molina Brazil compared to the conditions of the embassy of Brazil in Bolivia to the Detachment Operations Information Operations Center of Homeland Defense ( DOI - CODI ) , the house of torture dictatorship .
To resemble the DOI - CODI , the Brazilian Embassy in La Paz should be planed with the rack , brasses to drowning , chair of the dragon ( kind of electric chair ) , paddle etc. .
Trivialize the dictatorship is like lighting a birthday candle in his honor .
7th . LESSON : ALREADY PASSED THE TIME TO STOP THE OFFICIAL MEMORIAL TRIBUTES BANG
For many years , military commanders gave speeches on March 31 in celebration (that's right ) to the " Revolution " of 1964.
The official teaser in full democracy , took a cala - of-mouth in 2011 , the first year of presidency of Dilma . That same year was also established the Truth Commission .
The reference to March 31 was invented to prevent the commemoration date of the coup was the 1st . April - April Fool's Day .
The justification is that , on the 31st , General Olympio Mourao Filho , commander of the 4th Military Region , Minas Gerais , began moving troops toward the Rio de Janeiro .
If so, the Independence of Brazil should henceforth be celebrated on the 14th of August, which was the date that Prince Pedro mounted his horse to move from Rio de Janeiro to the banks of Ipiranga , in São Paul .
The word scam is named for indicating the deposition of a ruler 's power . On 1 . April , João Goulart , who was in Rio de Janeiro , has even returned to Brasilia . Then went to Rio Grande do Sul , and then went into exile in Uruguay but only in 04.04.1964 . Which president is deposed and travels to the capital a day after the coup ?
The Almanac Leaf is one of many who insist on misinformation :
" 31.mar.64 - The president , João Goulart , overthrown by the military coup ." It is understood . After all , it is the soft dictatorship of staff.
What remains incomprehensible is the book " The Presidents and the Republic " , published by the National Archives under the auspices of the Ministry of Justice , still bring the following sentence :
" On March 31, 1964 , the commander of the 4th Military Region , headquartered in Juiz de Fora , Minas Gerais , began moving troops toward the Rio de Janeiro . Despite some attempts at resistance , President Goulart recognized the impossibility of opposition to the military coup that deposed " .
Again, the old wives tale of March 31.
Even more incomprehensible is the book put the military juntas from 1930 and 1969 in the list of presidents.
The ( wrong ) list is reproduced on the page itself the Presidency as information on the presidents of Brazil .
Neither the members of both seals expected . The governing board , 1930 signed his acts scratching the words " President of the Republic ."
In the case of the joint 1969 book of the National Archives says ( p. 145 ) that the Institutional Act no . 12 (IA -12 ) " gave possession to the military junta " composed of the ministers of the Navy, Army and Air Force . Certain mistake .
The AI- 12 , quote: " Gives Ministers of the Navy , Army and Air Force military functions exercised by the President , Marshal Arthur da Costa e Silva , the duration of your illness ." Officially , the president remained Costa e Silva .
There is another problem . A law of physics, the famous principle of impenetrability of matter , says that says that two bodies can not occupy the same space at the same time - let alone three bodies .
There are like three warlords occupy the same position of president. Republic in the world that has three presidents at the same time?
The members of the Board from 1969 did was perform the duties of the President , or take control of the government. The AI-14/1969 officially declared vacant when the illness of Costa e Silva proved irreversible.
The three military commanders ever imagined that one day would be listed in a separate chapter in the pantheon of presidents . The Board would certainly be satisfied with the honorable and definitely undeserved honor.
What a story , after all, we are counting?
A story that still does not make sense.
A story whose lessons in learning remains .
( * ) Is a political scientist Antonio Lassance
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- Democracy Is To Live With Dignity
Democracy is to live with dignity Defend democracy, human dignity, citizenship, national sovereignty and duty and obligation of all ... go against terrorism is considered, since there is no parallel in the democratic camp one made a scheme of military...
- A Summary Of The Empire Of Crimes Globe
A SUMMARY OF THE EMPIRE OF CRIMES GLOBE By Roméro Costa Machado, writer. Under the title of "Empire Crimes Globe", the eponymous article, published on June 28, 1993, the Press Tribune, unfold and deepen it, enriching it in several other articles. Thus,...
- Antonio Lassance
Antonio Lassance Sept leçons que nous aurions dû tirer sur le coup 1964 et sa dictature Sept leçons sur le coup 1964 et sa dictature Il ya 50 ans , le Brésil a été capturé par la plus longue, la dictature borné et cruel de son histoire . Un demi-siècle...
- Getúlio Vargas
Getúlio Vargas By Thais Pacievitch Getúlio Vargas Dorneles was born in São Borja , Rio Grande do Sul, on April 19, 1882 . Died in Rio de Janeiro , on 24 August 1954. He was President of the Republic ( 1930 until 1945 and between 1950 and 1954 ) and...
- Herbert Jose De Souza
Herbert Jose de Souza Born November 3, 1935 , in the city of Bocaiúva in Minas Gerais , Herbert Jose de Souza , popularly known as Valek was a man of great activity in social work in Brazil . Degree in Sociology and Public Policy Administration from...