Aprendizado
Conscious and Unconscious
As Freud explains the behavior .
The most special theoretical contribution of Freud is that the behavior is governed by unconscious processes, not only by conscious processes . Freud explains the libido as an instinctive sexual drive existing from birth , and this is the motivating force behind the behavior.
Psychoanalysis is a theory that has as initial feature psychic determinism , its function is to explain that nothing happens by chance, ie , no discontinuity in mental life . Each mental event has conscious or unconscious explanation, but they occur so spontaneously , that Freud describes the conscious linking to another event .
The unconscious are the drives that are two complementary forces , the pulse of life and death . The drives are forces that stimulate the body to release mental energy , Freud divided into two categories : the life instincts that refer to self-preservation , this form of energy called libido is manifested , and the death instinct which is a destructive force , and can be directed inwardly . The conscious mind is the part that we are aware , but Freud was more interested in the unconscious , which is a less explored and exposed area .
The conscious level refers to experiences that a person perceives , including memories and intentional actions . Consciousness works realistically according to the rules of time and space . Perceive as our consciousness and identify with her. Some of the material is not conscious at a given time can be easily brought to consciousness, this material is called pre -conscious .
By Patricia Lopes
Team Brazil School
Freud and the unconscious
Contributions in the history of psychology to the study of human behavior in all its complexity
Freud and the unconscious
Freud distinguished between three levels of consciousness , in his earlier topographical division of the mind :
- Aware - concerns the ability to have awareness of feelings , thoughts, memories and fantasies of the moment ;
- Pre -conscious - relates to the content that can easily get to the conscience ;
- Unconscious - refers to not available to consciousness or to the scrutiny of the individual material.
However , the nuclear point of Freud's psychoanalytic approach is the conviction of the existence of the unconscious as:
a) A receptacle repressed traumatic memories ;
b) a container constituting a source of pulses of anxiety , being socially or ethically unacceptable to the individual.
Psychoanalytic Perspective Freud emerged in the early twentieth century , paying particular attention to the unconscious forces that motivate human behavior . Freud , based on his clinical experience , he believed that the source of emotional disorders lay in repressed traumatic experiences early in life. Thus , assumed that unconscious contents , were only available to consciousness in a disguised form ( through dreams and slips of the tongue , for example) . In this sense , Freud developed psychoanalysis , a therapeutic approach that aims to inform people their own unconscious emotional conflicts . Freud believed that personality is formed in the first years of life , when children deal with conflicts between the innate biological drives connected to the drives and the demands of society .
Considered that these conflicts occur in invariant phase sequence based on the maturation of psychosexual development , which reward the user moves from one area of the body to another - for oral and anal region to the genital area after . At each stage , the behavior , which is the main source of gratification , change - the power to eliminate and possibly for sexual activity .
The five stages of personality development , Freud considered the first three - for the first years of life - as crucial . Suggested that the fact that children receive too much or too little gratification at any of these stages may lead to a risk of setting - a stop in development - and may need help to go beyond the stage of this phase . Still believed that the manifestations of childhood fixations emerged in adults .
According to Freud , during the phallic stage, the preschool period , when the pleasure zone switches to the genitals , is a key event in the psychosexual development : the boys develop a sexual relationship or connection to the mother and father to the girls and see rival as the parental figure of the same sex ( called " Oedipus Complex " ), the boy learns that the girl has no penis , assuming it has been sliced and fears that his father may also castrate . The girl, in turn , experience , what Freud called penis envy and blames her mother for not giving her a penis. Possibly , children solve their anxiety by identifying with parental figure of the same sex . During the school period , latency phase , children calm down , socialize , develop skills and learn about himself and society . The genital phase , the last phase remains into adulthood . The physical changes of puberty reactivate libido, energy that fuels the sexual instincts .
The sexual instincts of the phallic phase , repressed during latency , they emerge to flow in a socially accepted , what Freud defined as heterosexual relationships with people chafer family of origin .
Freud also proposed three hypothetical instances of personality: the id , ego and superego .
The id is the unconscious reservoir of drives , which are always active . Governed by the pleasure principle , the id demands immediate gratification of these impulses , without taking into account the possibility of undesirable consequences .
The ego functions primarily conscious and pre - conscious level , but also contains unconscious elements evolved as the id.
Governed by the reality principle , the ego takes care of id impulses as soon as find the proper circumstances. Inadequate desires are not satisfied , but repressed . Only partly conscious, the superego serves as a censor of ego functions ( containing the ideals of individual derivatives of family and social values ) , being the source of feelings of guilt and fear of punishment .
Obstacle to growth: Anxiety
For Freud , the main problem of the psyche is to find ways to cope with anxiety. This is caused by an increase , expected or predicted, tension or displeasure , may develop in any (real or imagined ) situation , when the threat to any part of the body or the psyche is too large to be ignored , overlooked or discharged . The prototypical situations that cause anxiety include:
1. Loss of a desired object - For example, a child deprived of a parent , a close friend or a pet estimação.2 . Loss of Love - The rejection or failure to regain the love , for example, or the disapproval of someone importa.3 you. Loss of identity - is the case , for example , what Freud called castration fear , the loss of prestige of being laughed at público.4 . Loss of self -esteem - . For example disapproval by the Superego acts or betrayals that result in guilt or hatred towards himself .
The threat of these or other events cause anxiety and would , according to Freud , two ways to decrease anxiety . The first way would be dealing directly with the situation . We solve problems , overcome obstacles , face or flee from threats , and we came to the end of a problem in order to minimize its impact . Thus , we strive to eliminate difficulties and decrease likelihood of its recurrence , thus reducing the prospects of further anxiety in the future.
The other form of defense against anxiety distorts or denies the situation itself . The Ego protects you against the threat , falsifying the nature of this . The ways in which distortions occur are called Defense Mechanisms .
Defense mechanisms
Defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological processes that soothe the ego of the state of psychic tension between the intruding id, the superego and threatening stronger pressures emanating from the external reality .
Because of this game forces present in the mind , in which they oppose and fight each other, anxiety arises whose function is to signal an internal danger . These mechanisms come into play to enable the ego to reach compromise solutions ( to problems that are unable to resolve) to allow some components of unwanted mental contents come to consciousness in a disguised form .
Regarding the strengthening of the ego , the efficiency of these mechanisms depends on the level of integration of these conflicting forces by the mental ego , because different forms of training compromise may ( or may not ) turn out to become psychoneurotic symptoms .
The more the ego is locked in its development , by being entangled in old conflicts ( fixations ) , clinging to archaic modes of operation , the greater the possibility of succumbing to these forces .
The main defense mechanisms are:
1. Repression - withdrawal of idea , affection , or desire awareness , pushing them into the unconscious .
2 . Reactive Training - Fixing an idea , affection or desire in consciousness , opposed to the dreaded unconscious impulse .
3 . Projection - undesirable feelings are attributed to others .
4 . Regression - a return to forms of gratification from previous phases , due to conflicts that arise at later stages of development.
5 . Rationalization - Replacement true , but threatening cause of behavior for a safe and reasonable explanation.
6 . Denial - conscious refusal to perceive disturbing facts . Deprives the individual of the necessary awareness to deal with external challenges , but also the ability to make use of appropriate coping strategies.
7 . Displacement - redirection of an impulse onto a substitute outlet .
8 . Annulment - through action, we seek the cancellation of prior unpleasant experience.
9. Interjection - closely related to the identification , aims to resolve some emotional difficulty of the individual, taking into his personality, certain characteristics of other people .
10 . Sublimation - part of the energy invested in sexual impulses is directed to the pursuit of socially valuable achievements ( eg , artistic or scientific ) .
In short , Freud's theory was an important historical contribution . Made us aware of unconscious thoughts and emotions , the ambivalence of early relationships between parents and children , and the presence since birth , sex drives. Your psychoanalytic method has greatly influenced the current psychotherapy, although the Freudian theory subscribe widely in history and society of the time ( in the European culture of the Victorian era ) .
bibliography :
Book of Psychology " Kids World " Diane E. Papalia , Sally Wendkos Olds and Ruth Duskin Feldman .
psicob.blogspot.com.br
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Aprendizado
Conscious and Unconscious
Conscious and Unconscious
As Freud explains the behavior .
The most special theoretical contribution of Freud is that the behavior is governed by unconscious processes, not only by conscious processes . Freud explains the libido as an instinctive sexual drive existing from birth , and this is the motivating force behind the behavior.
Psychoanalysis is a theory that has as initial feature psychic determinism , its function is to explain that nothing happens by chance, ie , no discontinuity in mental life . Each mental event has conscious or unconscious explanation, but they occur so spontaneously , that Freud describes the conscious linking to another event .
The unconscious are the drives that are two complementary forces , the pulse of life and death . The drives are forces that stimulate the body to release mental energy , Freud divided into two categories : the life instincts that refer to self-preservation , this form of energy called libido is manifested , and the death instinct which is a destructive force , and can be directed inwardly . The conscious mind is the part that we are aware , but Freud was more interested in the unconscious , which is a less explored and exposed area .
The conscious level refers to experiences that a person perceives , including memories and intentional actions . Consciousness works realistically according to the rules of time and space . Perceive as our consciousness and identify with her. Some of the material is not conscious at a given time can be easily brought to consciousness, this material is called pre -conscious .
By Patricia Lopes
Team Brazil School
Freud and the unconscious
Contributions in the history of psychology to the study of human behavior in all its complexity
Freud and the unconscious
Freud distinguished between three levels of consciousness , in his earlier topographical division of the mind :
- Aware - concerns the ability to have awareness of feelings , thoughts, memories and fantasies of the moment ;
- Pre -conscious - relates to the content that can easily get to the conscience ;
- Unconscious - refers to not available to consciousness or to the scrutiny of the individual material.
However , the nuclear point of Freud's psychoanalytic approach is the conviction of the existence of the unconscious as:
a) A receptacle repressed traumatic memories ;
b) a container constituting a source of pulses of anxiety , being socially or ethically unacceptable to the individual.
Psychoanalytic Perspective Freud emerged in the early twentieth century , paying particular attention to the unconscious forces that motivate human behavior . Freud , based on his clinical experience , he believed that the source of emotional disorders lay in repressed traumatic experiences early in life. Thus , assumed that unconscious contents , were only available to consciousness in a disguised form ( through dreams and slips of the tongue , for example) . In this sense , Freud developed psychoanalysis , a therapeutic approach that aims to inform people their own unconscious emotional conflicts . Freud believed that personality is formed in the first years of life , when children deal with conflicts between the innate biological drives connected to the drives and the demands of society .
Considered that these conflicts occur in invariant phase sequence based on the maturation of psychosexual development , which reward the user moves from one area of the body to another - for oral and anal region to the genital area after . At each stage , the behavior , which is the main source of gratification , change - the power to eliminate and possibly for sexual activity .
The five stages of personality development , Freud considered the first three - for the first years of life - as crucial . Suggested that the fact that children receive too much or too little gratification at any of these stages may lead to a risk of setting - a stop in development - and may need help to go beyond the stage of this phase . Still believed that the manifestations of childhood fixations emerged in adults .
According to Freud , during the phallic stage, the preschool period , when the pleasure zone switches to the genitals , is a key event in the psychosexual development : the boys develop a sexual relationship or connection to the mother and father to the girls and see rival as the parental figure of the same sex ( called " Oedipus Complex " ), the boy learns that the girl has no penis , assuming it has been sliced and fears that his father may also castrate . The girl, in turn , experience , what Freud called penis envy and blames her mother for not giving her a penis. Possibly , children solve their anxiety by identifying with parental figure of the same sex . During the school period , latency phase , children calm down , socialize , develop skills and learn about himself and society . The genital phase , the last phase remains into adulthood . The physical changes of puberty reactivate libido, energy that fuels the sexual instincts .
The sexual instincts of the phallic phase , repressed during latency , they emerge to flow in a socially accepted , what Freud defined as heterosexual relationships with people chafer family of origin .
Freud also proposed three hypothetical instances of personality: the id , ego and superego .
The id is the unconscious reservoir of drives , which are always active . Governed by the pleasure principle , the id demands immediate gratification of these impulses , without taking into account the possibility of undesirable consequences .
The ego functions primarily conscious and pre - conscious level , but also contains unconscious elements evolved as the id.
Governed by the reality principle , the ego takes care of id impulses as soon as find the proper circumstances. Inadequate desires are not satisfied , but repressed . Only partly conscious, the superego serves as a censor of ego functions ( containing the ideals of individual derivatives of family and social values ) , being the source of feelings of guilt and fear of punishment .
Obstacle to growth: Anxiety
For Freud , the main problem of the psyche is to find ways to cope with anxiety. This is caused by an increase , expected or predicted, tension or displeasure , may develop in any (real or imagined ) situation , when the threat to any part of the body or the psyche is too large to be ignored , overlooked or discharged . The prototypical situations that cause anxiety include:
1. Loss of a desired object - For example, a child deprived of a parent , a close friend or a pet estimação.2 . Loss of Love - The rejection or failure to regain the love , for example, or the disapproval of someone importa.3 you. Loss of identity - is the case , for example , what Freud called castration fear , the loss of prestige of being laughed at público.4 . Loss of self -esteem - . For example disapproval by the Superego acts or betrayals that result in guilt or hatred towards himself .
The threat of these or other events cause anxiety and would , according to Freud , two ways to decrease anxiety . The first way would be dealing directly with the situation . We solve problems , overcome obstacles , face or flee from threats , and we came to the end of a problem in order to minimize its impact . Thus , we strive to eliminate difficulties and decrease likelihood of its recurrence , thus reducing the prospects of further anxiety in the future.
The other form of defense against anxiety distorts or denies the situation itself . The Ego protects you against the threat , falsifying the nature of this . The ways in which distortions occur are called Defense Mechanisms .
Defense mechanisms
Defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological processes that soothe the ego of the state of psychic tension between the intruding id, the superego and threatening stronger pressures emanating from the external reality .
Because of this game forces present in the mind , in which they oppose and fight each other, anxiety arises whose function is to signal an internal danger . These mechanisms come into play to enable the ego to reach compromise solutions ( to problems that are unable to resolve) to allow some components of unwanted mental contents come to consciousness in a disguised form .
Regarding the strengthening of the ego , the efficiency of these mechanisms depends on the level of integration of these conflicting forces by the mental ego , because different forms of training compromise may ( or may not ) turn out to become psychoneurotic symptoms .
The more the ego is locked in its development , by being entangled in old conflicts ( fixations ) , clinging to archaic modes of operation , the greater the possibility of succumbing to these forces .
The main defense mechanisms are:
1. Repression - withdrawal of idea , affection , or desire awareness , pushing them into the unconscious .
2 . Reactive Training - Fixing an idea , affection or desire in consciousness , opposed to the dreaded unconscious impulse .
3 . Projection - undesirable feelings are attributed to others .
4 . Regression - a return to forms of gratification from previous phases , due to conflicts that arise at later stages of development.
5 . Rationalization - Replacement true , but threatening cause of behavior for a safe and reasonable explanation.
6 . Denial - conscious refusal to perceive disturbing facts . Deprives the individual of the necessary awareness to deal with external challenges , but also the ability to make use of appropriate coping strategies.
7 . Displacement - redirection of an impulse onto a substitute outlet .
8 . Annulment - through action, we seek the cancellation of prior unpleasant experience.
9. Interjection - closely related to the identification , aims to resolve some emotional difficulty of the individual, taking into his personality, certain characteristics of other people .
10 . Sublimation - part of the energy invested in sexual impulses is directed to the pursuit of socially valuable achievements ( eg , artistic or scientific ) .
In short , Freud's theory was an important historical contribution . Made us aware of unconscious thoughts and emotions , the ambivalence of early relationships between parents and children , and the presence since birth , sex drives. Your psychoanalytic method has greatly influenced the current psychotherapy, although the Freudian theory subscribe widely in history and society of the time ( in the European culture of the Victorian era ) .
bibliography :
Book of Psychology " Kids World " Diane E. Papalia , Sally Wendkos Olds and Ruth Duskin Feldman .
psicob.blogspot.com.br
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- 2.1 Identification (part 3)
2.1 Identification (Part 3) OR identification, according to Freud (1921), a character can have two values from the beginning, because the child can have a huge sense of tenderness, identifying himself with his beloved object; or otherwise,...
- 2. Developing The Process Of Choice Loving Partner
2. Developing the Process of Choice Loving Partner It is usually around 20 to 40 years old we started making our life choices, choose who we marry, whether we have children or not. Such decisions should be well thought out, they can extend for...
- The Importance Of Psychoanalysis To The Formation Of Psychopedagogists
The importance of psychoanalysis to the formation of psychopedagogists Candido Mendes University GRADUATE " sensu lato " PROJECT TIME MASTER The importance of psychoanalysis to the formation of psychopedagogists : The study of concepts of psychoanalysis...
- Carl Gustav Jung
Swiss psychiatrist , founder of analytical psychology Carl Gustav Jung 07/26/1875 , Kassewil , Switzerland 06/06/1961 , Küsnacht , Switzerland Page 3 Education & Communication Jung : his career to materialize in the publication of dozens of studies...
- The Unconscious
The UNCONSCIOUS The look of the unconscious, You think about what is not understood, Living a joy unhappy, Is the black box of conscious You have everything and be helpless Loving the logical and be seer Truth innermost being, Restorative energy balance,...