Aprendizado
BRICS
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the organization consists of five countries that also includes South Africa For the term used to refer to Brazil, Russia, India and China as major emerging markets, BRIC see.
Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
Map of BRICS countries
BRICS
Brazil
President
(Head of State and Government):
Dilma Rousseff
Russia
President (Head of State):
Vladimir Putin
Prime minister (head of government):
Dmitri Medvedev
India
President (Head of State):
Pranab Mukherjee
Prime minister (head of government):
Manmohan Singh
China
President (Head of State):
Xi Jinping
Prime minister (head of government):
Li Keqiang
South Africa
President
(Head of State and Government):
Jacob Zuma
GDP (PPP)
GDP (nominal)
Area
Population
In economics, BRICS is an acronym that refers to member countries founders (the BRIC: Brazil, Russia, India and China) and South Africa, which together form a political group cooperation. On 14 April 20112, the "S" was officially added to form the acronym BRIC to BRICS, after the admission of South Africa (English: South Africa) group. The founding members and South Africa are all at a similar stage of emerging market due to its economic development. It is usually translated as "the BRICs" or "the BRICS countries" or alternatively as the "Big Five".
Although the group is not yet an economic bloc, or a formal trading association, as in the case of the European Union, 6 there are strong indications that the "four BRIC countries have sought to form a" political club "or" alliance ", and thereby converting "their growing economic power into greater geopolitical clout." Since 2009, the group's leaders hold annual summits.
The acronym (originally "BRIC") was coined by Jim O'Neill in a 2001 study entitled "Building Better Global Economic BRICs". Since then, the acronym became widely used as a symbol of the shift in global economic power, away from the developed G7 economies compared to the developing world.
According to an article published in 2005, Mexico and South Korea were the only other countries comparable to the BRICs, but their economies were excluded initially because they were considered more developed since they were members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Economic Development.
Index
1 History
1.1 Enlargement
1.2 Legal relations
2 Member Countries
3 Statistics
4 Summits
4.1 Meetings of the BRIC
4.2 Meetings of the BRICS
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History
Main article: BRIC
BRIC leaders in 2008.
Various sources refer to a purported agreement "original" BRIC before the thesis of Goldman Sachs. Some of these sources claim that former Russian President Vladimir Putin was the driving force behind this original cooperative coalition of developing BRIC countries. However, so far, no text has been made public of any formal agreement to which all four BRIC countries are signatories. This does not mean, however, that they have not reached a multitude of bilateral or even quadrilateral. The existence of such agreements are abundant and are available on the websites of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of each of the four countries. Trilateral agreements and frameworks made among the BRICs include the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (states include Russia and China, observers include India) and the IBSA Trilateral Forum, which unites Brazil, India and South Africa in annual dialogues. It is also important to note that the G20, a coalition of developing countries, includes all the BRICs.
Furthermore, because of the popularity of the thesis "BRIC" Goldman Sachs, this term has been sometimes modified or expanded to "BRICK" (K for South Korea - in English: South Korea), "BRIMC" ( M for Mexico), "FACTORY" (GCC Arab countries - Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman and the United Arab Emirates) and "BriceT" (including Eastern Europe and Turkey) have become terms of marketing more generally to refer to these emerging markets.
In August 2010, Jim O'Neill, head of global economic research at Goldman Sachs financial group that created the thesis "BRIC", argues that Africa can be considered the next BRIC. Analysts from rival banks have sought to move beyond the BRIC concept, by introducing their own groups in emerging markets. The proposals include CIBETs (Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey and South Africa), the EAGLES (Emerging and Growth-Leading Economies) and the 7 per cent Club (which includes those countries that had economic growth of at least 7 percent per year).
São Paulo, Brazil.
Moscow, Russia.
Mumbai, India.
Shanghai, China.
Johannesburg, South Africa
Enlargement
The South African government sought the members of BRIC in 2010 and the process for formal admission began as early as August 2010. South Africa was officially admitted as a BRIC nation on December 24, 2010 after being invited by China and other BRIC countries to join the group. The letter "S" in BRICS represents South Africa
The leaders of the BRICS in 2011.
President Jacob Zuma was attending the BRICS summit in Beijing in April 2011, as a full member. South Africa is in a unique position and can influence economic growth and investment in Africa. According to Jim O'Neill of Goldman Sachs, who originally coined the term, the current combined GDP of Africa is fairly similar to that of Brazil and Russia, and slightly above that of India. South Africa is a "gateway" to Southern Africa and Africa in general, since the more economically developed African country. China, which is the largest trading partner of South Africa and India wants to expand trade ties with Africa. South Africa is also Africa's biggest economy, but 31 th largest GDP in the world, its economy is far short of their new partners.
Jim O'Neill expressed surprise when South Africa joined BRIC since South Africa's economy is a quarter the size of Russia's economy (the nation with the lowest economic power BRIC). He believed that the potential was there, but did not anticipate inclusion of South Africa at this stage. Martyn Davies, an expert in the emerging market of South Africa, argued that the decision to invite South Africa makes little commercial sense but was politically astute given China's attempts to establish a presence in Africa. Furthermore, the inclusion of South Africa in BRICS may translate to greater South African support for China in global fora.
African credentials are important geopoliticamentes, BRICS as it gives the opportunity to influence and market in four different continents. The addition of South Africa is a deft political move that further enhances BRICS power and status. In the original essay that coined the term, Goldman Sachs did not argue that the BRICs would have organized themselves into an economic bloc, or a trade association formally that this move means.
Legal relations
According to the article "International Contracts between the BRIC countries", published by the Brazilian lawyer Adler Martins, the set of international conventions ratified by the BRIC countries would be sufficient to enable them to maintain legal certainty in commercial activities and the achievement of reciprocal investments.
Member countries
Member Leader Minister of Finance Central Bank President GDP
(Nominal · PPP)
$ Million GDP per capita
(Nominal · PPP)
$ USD HDI Population
Brazil President Dilma Rousseff Finance Minister Guido Mantega Alexandre Tombini 2,023,518 2,181,677 10,471 11,289 0.718 193,088,765
Russian President Vladimir Putin Finance Minister Aleksei Kudrin Sergei Ignatiev 1,476,912 2,218,764 10,521 15,807 0.755 141,927,297
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee Duvvuri Subbarao 1,430,020 4,001,103 1,176 3,290 0,547 1.180,251.000
China President Xi Jinping Finance Minister Xie Xuren Zhou Xiaochuan 5,878,257 10,085,708 4,382 7,518 0.687 1,338,612,968
South African President Jacob Zuma Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan Gill Marcus 354,414 524,341 7,101 10,505 0.619 49,320,500
Statistics
This is a table showing various categories of rankings and lists related to economics and politics and positions of BRICS countries in each. The best placed highlighted in bold.
Category Brazil Russia India China South Africa
Area 5th 7th 1st 3rd / 4th
(Disputed) 24th
Population 5 9 2 1 25
Nominal GDP 6th 11th 10th 2nd 28th
GDP (PPP) 8th 6th 4th 2nd 25th
Exports 21 º 11 º 20 º 36 º 1
Imports 20 º 17 º 11 º 34 º º 2
Trade balance 187 4 182 1 179
Electricity consumption 6th 4th 5th 1st 14th
Per capita car 65 ° 51 ° 114 ° 72 ° 69 °
Economic freedom 81 ° 122 ° 121 ° 111 ° 50 °
Oil production 9 ° 1 ° 23 ° 5 ° 42
Human Development Index 84 º 66 º 134 º 101 º 123 º
Summits
Main article: First BRIC summit
BRIC leaders in 2010 - Dmitry Medvedev (Russia), Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (Brazil), Hu Jintao (China) and Manmohan Singh (India).
Summit Participants Date Host Country Host Location Leader
1st BRIC BRIC Summit June 16, 2009 Russia Dmitry Medvedev Ekaterinburg
2nd BRIC BRIC Summit April 15, 2010 Brazil Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva Brasília26
3rd Summit of the BRICS BRICS April 14, 2011 Sanya China Hu Jintao
4th Summit of the BRICS BRICS March 29, 2012 India Manmohan Singh New Déli27
5th Summit of the BRICS BRICS March 26, 2013 South Africa Jacob Zuma Durban
Meetings of the BRIC
The BRIC countries met for their first official summit on 16 June 2009 in Yekaterinburg, Russia, in the presence of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, Dmitry Medvedev, Manmohan Singh, and Hu Jintao, the respective leaders of Brazil, Russia , India and China. During the summit were discussed several issues related to the 2008 economic crisis, such as international trade, the role of the dollar as a reserve currency and its possible replacement, participation in international organizations, among others.
The foreign ministers of the BRIC countries had met previously on May 16, 2008, also in Yekaterinburg.
A week before the summit, Brazil offered $ 10 billion to the International Monetary Fund. It was the first time that the country has made such a loan. Brazil has previously received IMF loan and this announcement has been treated as an important demonstration of the changing economic position of Brazil. China and Russia also made announcements to the IMF loan of $ 50 billion and $ 10 billion respectively.
The second BRIC summit took place on 15 and 16 April in Brasilia. At the preparatory meeting of the 14th, held in Rio de Janeiro, were discussed - the first time - business opportunities and investments in the energy, information technology, infrastructure and agribusiness. South Africa was also one of the participants. Russia said demands for investments in highways and airports, and Brazil, in railways, airports, waterways and urban structure. China suggested the exchange of information on food security, ie, the exchange of information to avoid large increases in food prices.
Meetings of the BRICS
South Africa participated in the meeting as a member for the first time in 2011, in Sanya, Hainan province, China. The group was renamed BRICS to represent all members. South Africa had received a formal invitation to China to join the group in 2010.8 36 37
See also
Portal
Wikipedia has an
Portal of the economy.
BRIC
Emerging superpower
Brazil as emerging superpower
China emerging as a superpower
India emerging as a superpower
Russia as emerging superpower
Newly industrialized countries
Newly industrialized countries
Emerging markets
G20
Next eleven
Covenant ABC
Asian Tigers
Demographic growth
World Trade Organization
Forum of the India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA)
PIIGS
BIPF
References
↑ China's economy is larger than those of Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa added
↑ Almanac April 2012 - Retrospective, 2011, p 27.
↑ S. Africa Joins; Now BRICS BRIC, April 13, 2011
↑ BRICS Gain Influence the Global South Africa Joins, President Medvedev of Russia, April 13, 2011
↑ Emerging Bloc Adds South Africa, April 13, 2011
↑ a b Brazil, Russia, India And China (BRIC). Investopedia. BRICs Helped by Western finance crisis: Goldman | Reuters
↑ ab Russia shows its political clout by hosting Bric summit - Times Online
↑ Halpin, Tony (2009-06-17). "Brazil, Russia, India and China form bloc to challenge U.S. dominance." The Times, 17 June 2009. Retrieved from http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6514737.ece.
↑ Kowitt, Beth. "For Mr. BRIC, nations meeting a milestone," CNNMoney.com, 17/06/2009. Retrieved on 18/06/2009.
↑ Global Economics Paper No. 99, Dreaming with BRICs and Global Economics Paper 134, How Solid Are the BRICs?
↑ Economist's Another BRIC in the wall 2008 article
↑ How Solid are the BRICs? (PDF). Global Economics. Retrieved on 21/09/2010.
↑ August 27, 2008 12:00 AM. "The Australian Business - Emerging markets put China, India in the shade," Theaustralian.news.com.au, 27/08/2008. Retrieved on 15/10/2010.
↑ Martens, China, "IBM Targets Russian Developers: Could India overtake China in number of developers, says senior executive", OutSourcing World, February 11, 2006
↑ Le Figaro, newspaper, interview with expert Jim 0'Neill (French)
↑ Opinion Page (PDF). Retrieved on 15/10/2010.
↑ Study: Energy-rich Arab countries are next emerging market. Thestar.com.my (23/02/2007). Retrieved on 15/10/2010.
↑ Welcome to Huaye Iron & Steel Group [dead link]
↑ How Africa can become the next Bric, Jim O'Neill, Financial Times
↑ Acronym alert: the Eagles rock, beyondbrics blog
↑ a b c d e f Graceffo, Antonio (21/01/2011). BRIC Becomes BRICS: Changes on the Geopolitical Chessboard. Foreign Policy Journal. Retrieved on 14/04/2011.
↑ a b c How Africa can become the next Bric. Ft.com (26/08/2010). Retrieved on 14/04/2011.
↑ a b South Africa | Economy | BRIC. Globalpost.com (08/01/2011). Retrieved on 14/04/2011.
↑ http://jus.uol.com.br/revista/texto/17419/contratos-internacionais-entre-os-paises-do-bric
↑ BRIC Summit in Brasilia will be in April. Last Second
↑ BRICS Summit is in New Delhi. "UOL"
↑ First summit for emerging giants. BBC News (2009-06-16). Retrieved on 2009-06-16.
↑ BRIC demands more clout, steers clear of dollar talk. Reuters (2009-06-26). Retrieved on 2009-06-16.
↑ Russia shows its political clout by hosting Bric summit (in English). The Times (2008-05-16). Retrieved on 2009-06-29.
↑ Brazil to make $ 10bn loan to IMF. BBC News (2009-06-11). Retrieved on 2009-06-11.
↑ BRICs will discuss Brazilian proposal to trade without dollar. Folha Online
↑ Entrepreneurs BRIC and South Africa discuss business opportunities in the preparatory meeting. (April 14, 2010). Brazil Agency
↑ Companies BRIC countries discuss business. (April 14, 2010). Economic Value
↑ Blanchard, Ben and Zhou Xin, reporting, Ken Wills, editing, "UPDATE 1-BRICS discussed global monetary reform, not yuan", Reuters Africa, April 14, 2011 9:03 am GMT. Retrieved 2011-04-14.
↑ BRICS countries need to Further Enhance coordination: Manmohan Singh. Times Of India (14/04/2011). Retrieved on 14/04/2011.
↑ BRICS Should coordinate in key areas of development: PM. Indianexpress.com (14/04/2011). Retrieved on 14/04/2011.
External links [edit]
The time of the BRICs - Brazil, Russia, India and China in focus (In Portuguese - Blog HTML)
Dreaming With BRICs: The Path to 2050 (In English - PDF File)
BRIC Layers - Tech, happiness and infrastruture (In English - PDF File)
Blog Mario Profaca in the current development of the BRICs (In English - HTML)
Businessweek article on Goldman Sachs projections about the BRICs (In English - HTML)
Projections CIA (In English - HTML)
BRICS + G - Growth and Sustainability in Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa and Germany (In English)
BRIC leaders begin meeting in Russia (in Portuguese) in UOL News.
Crisis accelerates economic predominance of the BRIC countries (in Portuguese)
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Aprendizado
BRICS
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the organization consists of five countries that also includes South Africa For the term used to refer to Brazil, Russia, India and China as major emerging markets, BRIC see.
Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
Map of BRICS countries
BRICS
Brazil
President
(Head of State and Government):
Dilma Rousseff
Russia
President (Head of State):
Vladimir Putin
Prime minister (head of government):
Dmitri Medvedev
India
President (Head of State):
Pranab Mukherjee
Prime minister (head of government):
Manmohan Singh
China
President (Head of State):
Xi Jinping
Prime minister (head of government):
Li Keqiang
South Africa
President
(Head of State and Government):
Jacob Zuma
GDP (PPP)
GDP (nominal)
Area
Population
In economics, BRICS is an acronym that refers to member countries founders (the BRIC: Brazil, Russia, India and China) and South Africa, which together form a political group cooperation. On 14 April 20112, the "S" was officially added to form the acronym BRIC to BRICS, after the admission of South Africa (English: South Africa) group. The founding members and South Africa are all at a similar stage of emerging market due to its economic development. It is usually translated as "the BRICs" or "the BRICS countries" or alternatively as the "Big Five".
Although the group is not yet an economic bloc, or a formal trading association, as in the case of the European Union, 6 there are strong indications that the "four BRIC countries have sought to form a" political club "or" alliance ", and thereby converting "their growing economic power into greater geopolitical clout." Since 2009, the group's leaders hold annual summits.
The acronym (originally "BRIC") was coined by Jim O'Neill in a 2001 study entitled "Building Better Global Economic BRICs". Since then, the acronym became widely used as a symbol of the shift in global economic power, away from the developed G7 economies compared to the developing world.
According to an article published in 2005, Mexico and South Korea were the only other countries comparable to the BRICs, but their economies were excluded initially because they were considered more developed since they were members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Economic Development.
Index
1 History
1.1 Enlargement
1.2 Legal relations
2 Member Countries
3 Statistics
4 Summits
4.1 Meetings of the BRIC
4.2 Meetings of the BRICS
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History
Main article: BRIC
BRIC leaders in 2008.
Various sources refer to a purported agreement "original" BRIC before the thesis of Goldman Sachs. Some of these sources claim that former Russian President Vladimir Putin was the driving force behind this original cooperative coalition of developing BRIC countries. However, so far, no text has been made public of any formal agreement to which all four BRIC countries are signatories. This does not mean, however, that they have not reached a multitude of bilateral or even quadrilateral. The existence of such agreements are abundant and are available on the websites of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of each of the four countries. Trilateral agreements and frameworks made among the BRICs include the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (states include Russia and China, observers include India) and the IBSA Trilateral Forum, which unites Brazil, India and South Africa in annual dialogues. It is also important to note that the G20, a coalition of developing countries, includes all the BRICs.
Furthermore, because of the popularity of the thesis "BRIC" Goldman Sachs, this term has been sometimes modified or expanded to "BRICK" (K for South Korea - in English: South Korea), "BRIMC" ( M for Mexico), "FACTORY" (GCC Arab countries - Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman and the United Arab Emirates) and "BriceT" (including Eastern Europe and Turkey) have become terms of marketing more generally to refer to these emerging markets.
In August 2010, Jim O'Neill, head of global economic research at Goldman Sachs financial group that created the thesis "BRIC", argues that Africa can be considered the next BRIC. Analysts from rival banks have sought to move beyond the BRIC concept, by introducing their own groups in emerging markets. The proposals include CIBETs (Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey and South Africa), the EAGLES (Emerging and Growth-Leading Economies) and the 7 per cent Club (which includes those countries that had economic growth of at least 7 percent per year).
São Paulo, Brazil.
Moscow, Russia.
Mumbai, India.
Shanghai, China.
Johannesburg, South Africa
Enlargement
The South African government sought the members of BRIC in 2010 and the process for formal admission began as early as August 2010. South Africa was officially admitted as a BRIC nation on December 24, 2010 after being invited by China and other BRIC countries to join the group. The letter "S" in BRICS represents South Africa
The leaders of the BRICS in 2011.
President Jacob Zuma was attending the BRICS summit in Beijing in April 2011, as a full member. South Africa is in a unique position and can influence economic growth and investment in Africa. According to Jim O'Neill of Goldman Sachs, who originally coined the term, the current combined GDP of Africa is fairly similar to that of Brazil and Russia, and slightly above that of India. South Africa is a "gateway" to Southern Africa and Africa in general, since the more economically developed African country. China, which is the largest trading partner of South Africa and India wants to expand trade ties with Africa. South Africa is also Africa's biggest economy, but 31 th largest GDP in the world, its economy is far short of their new partners.
Jim O'Neill expressed surprise when South Africa joined BRIC since South Africa's economy is a quarter the size of Russia's economy (the nation with the lowest economic power BRIC). He believed that the potential was there, but did not anticipate inclusion of South Africa at this stage. Martyn Davies, an expert in the emerging market of South Africa, argued that the decision to invite South Africa makes little commercial sense but was politically astute given China's attempts to establish a presence in Africa. Furthermore, the inclusion of South Africa in BRICS may translate to greater South African support for China in global fora.
African credentials are important geopoliticamentes, BRICS as it gives the opportunity to influence and market in four different continents. The addition of South Africa is a deft political move that further enhances BRICS power and status. In the original essay that coined the term, Goldman Sachs did not argue that the BRICs would have organized themselves into an economic bloc, or a trade association formally that this move means.
Legal relations
According to the article "International Contracts between the BRIC countries", published by the Brazilian lawyer Adler Martins, the set of international conventions ratified by the BRIC countries would be sufficient to enable them to maintain legal certainty in commercial activities and the achievement of reciprocal investments.
Member countries
Member Leader Minister of Finance Central Bank President GDP
(Nominal · PPP)
$ Million GDP per capita
(Nominal · PPP)
$ USD HDI Population
Brazil President Dilma Rousseff Finance Minister Guido Mantega Alexandre Tombini 2,023,518 2,181,677 10,471 11,289 0.718 193,088,765
Russian President Vladimir Putin Finance Minister Aleksei Kudrin Sergei Ignatiev 1,476,912 2,218,764 10,521 15,807 0.755 141,927,297
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee Duvvuri Subbarao 1,430,020 4,001,103 1,176 3,290 0,547 1.180,251.000
China President Xi Jinping Finance Minister Xie Xuren Zhou Xiaochuan 5,878,257 10,085,708 4,382 7,518 0.687 1,338,612,968
South African President Jacob Zuma Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan Gill Marcus 354,414 524,341 7,101 10,505 0.619 49,320,500
Statistics
This is a table showing various categories of rankings and lists related to economics and politics and positions of BRICS countries in each. The best placed highlighted in bold.
Category Brazil Russia India China South Africa
Area 5th 7th 1st 3rd / 4th
(Disputed) 24th
Population 5 9 2 1 25
Nominal GDP 6th 11th 10th 2nd 28th
GDP (PPP) 8th 6th 4th 2nd 25th
Exports 21 º 11 º 20 º 36 º 1
Imports 20 º 17 º 11 º 34 º º 2
Trade balance 187 4 182 1 179
Electricity consumption 6th 4th 5th 1st 14th
Per capita car 65 ° 51 ° 114 ° 72 ° 69 °
Economic freedom 81 ° 122 ° 121 ° 111 ° 50 °
Oil production 9 ° 1 ° 23 ° 5 ° 42
Human Development Index 84 º 66 º 134 º 101 º 123 º
Summits
Main article: First BRIC summit
BRIC leaders in 2010 - Dmitry Medvedev (Russia), Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (Brazil), Hu Jintao (China) and Manmohan Singh (India).
Summit Participants Date Host Country Host Location Leader
1st BRIC BRIC Summit June 16, 2009 Russia Dmitry Medvedev Ekaterinburg
2nd BRIC BRIC Summit April 15, 2010 Brazil Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva Brasília26
3rd Summit of the BRICS BRICS April 14, 2011 Sanya China Hu Jintao
4th Summit of the BRICS BRICS March 29, 2012 India Manmohan Singh New Déli27
5th Summit of the BRICS BRICS March 26, 2013 South Africa Jacob Zuma Durban
Meetings of the BRIC
The BRIC countries met for their first official summit on 16 June 2009 in Yekaterinburg, Russia, in the presence of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, Dmitry Medvedev, Manmohan Singh, and Hu Jintao, the respective leaders of Brazil, Russia , India and China. During the summit were discussed several issues related to the 2008 economic crisis, such as international trade, the role of the dollar as a reserve currency and its possible replacement, participation in international organizations, among others.
The foreign ministers of the BRIC countries had met previously on May 16, 2008, also in Yekaterinburg.
A week before the summit, Brazil offered $ 10 billion to the International Monetary Fund. It was the first time that the country has made such a loan. Brazil has previously received IMF loan and this announcement has been treated as an important demonstration of the changing economic position of Brazil. China and Russia also made announcements to the IMF loan of $ 50 billion and $ 10 billion respectively.
The second BRIC summit took place on 15 and 16 April in Brasilia. At the preparatory meeting of the 14th, held in Rio de Janeiro, were discussed - the first time - business opportunities and investments in the energy, information technology, infrastructure and agribusiness. South Africa was also one of the participants. Russia said demands for investments in highways and airports, and Brazil, in railways, airports, waterways and urban structure. China suggested the exchange of information on food security, ie, the exchange of information to avoid large increases in food prices.
Meetings of the BRICS
South Africa participated in the meeting as a member for the first time in 2011, in Sanya, Hainan province, China. The group was renamed BRICS to represent all members. South Africa had received a formal invitation to China to join the group in 2010.8 36 37
See also
Portal
Wikipedia has an
Portal of the economy.
BRIC
Emerging superpower
Brazil as emerging superpower
China emerging as a superpower
India emerging as a superpower
Russia as emerging superpower
Newly industrialized countries
Newly industrialized countries
Emerging markets
G20
Next eleven
Covenant ABC
Asian Tigers
Demographic growth
World Trade Organization
Forum of the India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA)
PIIGS
BIPF
References
↑ China's economy is larger than those of Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa added
↑ Almanac April 2012 - Retrospective, 2011, p 27.
↑ S. Africa Joins; Now BRICS BRIC, April 13, 2011
↑ BRICS Gain Influence the Global South Africa Joins, President Medvedev of Russia, April 13, 2011
↑ Emerging Bloc Adds South Africa, April 13, 2011
↑ a b Brazil, Russia, India And China (BRIC). Investopedia. BRICs Helped by Western finance crisis: Goldman | Reuters
↑ ab Russia shows its political clout by hosting Bric summit - Times Online
↑ Halpin, Tony (2009-06-17). "Brazil, Russia, India and China form bloc to challenge U.S. dominance." The Times, 17 June 2009. Retrieved from http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6514737.ece.
↑ Kowitt, Beth. "For Mr. BRIC, nations meeting a milestone," CNNMoney.com, 17/06/2009. Retrieved on 18/06/2009.
↑ Global Economics Paper No. 99, Dreaming with BRICs and Global Economics Paper 134, How Solid Are the BRICs?
↑ Economist's Another BRIC in the wall 2008 article
↑ How Solid are the BRICs? (PDF). Global Economics. Retrieved on 21/09/2010.
↑ August 27, 2008 12:00 AM. "The Australian Business - Emerging markets put China, India in the shade," Theaustralian.news.com.au, 27/08/2008. Retrieved on 15/10/2010.
↑ Martens, China, "IBM Targets Russian Developers: Could India overtake China in number of developers, says senior executive", OutSourcing World, February 11, 2006
↑ Le Figaro, newspaper, interview with expert Jim 0'Neill (French)
↑ Opinion Page (PDF). Retrieved on 15/10/2010.
↑ Study: Energy-rich Arab countries are next emerging market. Thestar.com.my (23/02/2007). Retrieved on 15/10/2010.
↑ Welcome to Huaye Iron & Steel Group [dead link]
↑ How Africa can become the next Bric, Jim O'Neill, Financial Times
↑ Acronym alert: the Eagles rock, beyondbrics blog
↑ a b c d e f Graceffo, Antonio (21/01/2011). BRIC Becomes BRICS: Changes on the Geopolitical Chessboard. Foreign Policy Journal. Retrieved on 14/04/2011.
↑ a b c How Africa can become the next Bric. Ft.com (26/08/2010). Retrieved on 14/04/2011.
↑ a b South Africa | Economy | BRIC. Globalpost.com (08/01/2011). Retrieved on 14/04/2011.
↑ http://jus.uol.com.br/revista/texto/17419/contratos-internacionais-entre-os-paises-do-bric
↑ BRIC Summit in Brasilia will be in April. Last Second
↑ BRICS Summit is in New Delhi. "UOL"
↑ First summit for emerging giants. BBC News (2009-06-16). Retrieved on 2009-06-16.
↑ BRIC demands more clout, steers clear of dollar talk. Reuters (2009-06-26). Retrieved on 2009-06-16.
↑ Russia shows its political clout by hosting Bric summit (in English). The Times (2008-05-16). Retrieved on 2009-06-29.
↑ Brazil to make $ 10bn loan to IMF. BBC News (2009-06-11). Retrieved on 2009-06-11.
↑ BRICs will discuss Brazilian proposal to trade without dollar. Folha Online
↑ Entrepreneurs BRIC and South Africa discuss business opportunities in the preparatory meeting. (April 14, 2010). Brazil Agency
↑ Companies BRIC countries discuss business. (April 14, 2010). Economic Value
↑ Blanchard, Ben and Zhou Xin, reporting, Ken Wills, editing, "UPDATE 1-BRICS discussed global monetary reform, not yuan", Reuters Africa, April 14, 2011 9:03 am GMT. Retrieved 2011-04-14.
↑ BRICS countries need to Further Enhance coordination: Manmohan Singh. Times Of India (14/04/2011). Retrieved on 14/04/2011.
↑ BRICS Should coordinate in key areas of development: PM. Indianexpress.com (14/04/2011). Retrieved on 14/04/2011.
External links [edit]
The time of the BRICs - Brazil, Russia, India and China in focus (In Portuguese - Blog HTML)
Dreaming With BRICs: The Path to 2050 (In English - PDF File)
BRIC Layers - Tech, happiness and infrastruture (In English - PDF File)
Blog Mario Profaca in the current development of the BRICs (In English - HTML)
Businessweek article on Goldman Sachs projections about the BRICs (In English - HTML)
Projections CIA (In English - HTML)
BRICS + G - Growth and Sustainability in Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa and Germany (In English)
BRIC leaders begin meeting in Russia (in Portuguese) in UOL News.
Crisis accelerates economic predominance of the BRIC countries (in Portuguese)
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